Syntactic Structures, by Noam Chomsky
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Syntactic Structures, by Noam Chomsky
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2015 Reprint of 1957 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition. Not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. American linguist Paul Postal wrote in 1964 that most of the "syntactic conceptions prevalent in the United States" were "versions of the theory of phrase structure grammars in the sense of Chomsky". British linguist John Lyons wrote in 1966 that "no work has had a greater influence upon the current linguistic theory than Chomsky's Syntactic Structures." Prominent historian of linguistics R. H. Robins wrote in 1967 that the publication of Chomsky's "Syntactic Structures" was "probably the most radical and important change in direction in descriptive linguistics and in linguistic theory that has taken place in recent years". Another historian of linguistics Frederick Newmeyer considers "Syntactic Structures" "revolutionary" for two reasons. Firstly, it showed that a formal yet non-empiricist theory of language was possible and more importantly, it demonstrated this possibility in a practical sense by formally treating a fragment of English grammar. Secondly, it put syntax at the center of the theory of language. Syntax was recognized as the focal point of language production, in which a finite set of rules can produce an infinite number of sentences. As a result, morphology and phonology were relegated in importance. "Syntactic Structures" also initiated an interdisciplinary dialog between philosophers of language and linguists. American philosopher John Searle wrote that "Chomsky's work is one of the most remarkable intellectual achievements of the present era, comparable in scope and coherence to the work of Keynes or Freud. It has done more than simply produce a revolution in linguistics; it has created a new discipline of generative grammar and is having a revolutionary effect on two other subjects, philosophy and psychology". With its formal and logical treatment of language, Syntactic Structures also brought linguistics and the new field of computer science closer together.
Syntactic Structures, by Noam Chomsky- Amazon Sales Rank: #262947 in Books
- Published on: 2015-03-27
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.21" h x .28" w x 6.14" l, .43 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 120 pages
Review "Chomsky's book on syntactic structures is one of the first serious attempts on the part of a linguist to construct within the tradition of scientific theory-construction a comprehensive theory of language which may be understood in the same sense that a chemical, biological theory is ordinarily understood by experts in those fields. It is not a mere reorganization of the data into a new kind of library catalog, nor another speculative philosophy about the nature of Man and Language, but rather a rigorous explication of our intuitions about our language in terms of an overt axiom system, the theorems derivable from it, explicit results which may be compared with new data and other intuitions, all based plainly on an overt theory of the internal structure of languages; and it may well provide an opportunity for the application of explicit measures of simplicity to decide preference of one form over another form of grammar."Robert B. Lees in: 'Language' "I had already decided I wanted to be a linguist when I discovered this book. But it is unlikely that I would have stayed in the field without it. It has been the single most inspiring book on linguistics in my whole career." HenkvanRiemsdijk
About the Author Noam Chomsky is Institute Professor at the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Professor Chomsky has written and lectured extensively on a wide range of topics, including linguistics, philosophy, and intellectual history.
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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. Structure is deeper than you think By Jeffrey Rubard *Syntactic Structures* is utterly famous, but it is remembered from a fairly great distance; in the sixty years since it was published Noam Chomsky has not only been a celebrity of the American left but an equally central and prolific figure in American linguistics, his academic critics often reduced to some form of "It's not fair, it's just not fair". It would be convenient if his first book were a compact introduction to his scientific way of thinking, and reality obliges in this instance: the main text of the book does not quite reach 120 pages, and if you are relatively sophisticated about imposing formal structures on a language -- if you know how to program, for instance -- you will pick up what Chomsky has to say relatively quickly. (However, if it seems difficult, why not put in a little time and learn why a canonical scientific text is canonical?)The material can be absorbed *relatively* quickly, for the contents of this short book (culled from lecture notes for undergraduates, but for *Harvard* undergraduates) touch on some fairly abstract and difficult concepts from the formal theory of languages, concepts Chomsky was playing a major role in formulating for all related disciplines at the time. The book begins by studying whether a "finite state machine", a simple automaton which accepts or rejects a proposed formulation based on a simple heuristic, could provide an adequate grammar of a natural language. If you have taken a CS class in the theory of computation, you will instantly recognize a "finite state automaton", and will already know that the *regular* languages it "accepts" are relatively poor: it does not provide enough structure to model a *computer* language, and Chomsky quickly rejects this seemingly plausible "cybernetic" model of language.The "phrase structure grammar" a la rules of the type "S = N + VP" which he goes on to introduce in the next sections is equivalent to the CS model for "context-free languages". This *is* rich enough to describe normal programming languages, and Chomsky demonstrates that it does quite a bit more in accounting for grammatical structure in natural language. *Not* enough, though, for there are many grammatical relationships between sentences (active and passive voices, statements and "Wh-questions") which context-free grammars cannot easily account for. Chomsky thusly develops a third model of grammar, "transformational grammar", which has rules for systematically deriving "John was hit by the ball" from "The ball hit John" and the like. This would be the dominant paradigm in linguistic syntax for the rest of the century.This "Second Edition" includes no new matter in the body of the text or footnotes, but I'm sure Mouton de Gruyter produces much nicer books than the Identipublisher reissuing a facsimile of the original edition. Furthermore, this slightly more expensive version includes an introduction by David Lightfoot which explains where Chomskyan linguistics would go from there (Unfortunately, I feel an opportunity has been missed to explore the relationship of Chomsky's thinking at this time to Harvard analytic philosophers like Quine and Nelson Goodman, whom Chomsky had recently been interacting with as a Junior Fellow and who are cited as important influences in Chomsky's methodological chapters.) Still important reading for linguists in training - and who's not one of those?
19 of 28 people found the following review helpful. Essential for Linguists By f s Although Chomsky later changed his ideas towards linguistics in'Aspects of the Theory of Syntax', but this book is essential in understanding his relation to the Bloomfildean school and is essential for understanding 20'th century linguistics.
22 of 33 people found the following review helpful. Essential reading for any serious language scholar By Earthmother-from-NJ In 1993,I was fortunate to inherit this book from my father who used it during his undergrad studies at Columbia University in the 1960s.It was as relevant to my studies of Foreign Language and Lit as it was to my music major dad. It was a terrible blow when it was stolen with my car some ten years later,and indeed I never could bring myself to tell my dad that our precious Chomsky collection was in my trunk. So I was actually tearful when I found it available on Amazon.One must always stand in awe of the fact that this groundbreaking tome was Chomsky's Bachelor thesis. It is intimidating to me and anyone who gets past the first chapter that a college senior produced this astounding labor.He knows his subject and he knows it well.My entire understanding of syntax,surface structure and deep structure of language began from this work.It made the difference in my study of language and helped me grow from instinctive,intuitive knowledge to reasoned thoughtful understanding of how we communicate with our fellow humans.
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