Wolf by the Ears: The Missouri Crisis, 1819-1821 (Witness to History), by John R. Van Atta
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Wolf by the Ears: The Missouri Crisis, 1819-1821 (Witness to History), by John R. Van Atta
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From the early days of the republic, American leaders knew that an unpredictable time bomb―the question of slavery―lay at the heart of national politics. An implicit understanding between North and South helped to keep the issue at bay: northern states, where slavery had been set on course for extinction via gradual emancipation, tacitly agreed to respect the property rights of southern slaveholders; in return, southerners essentially promised to view slaveholding as a practical evil and look for ways to get rid of it. By 1819–1820, however, westward expansion had brought the matter to a head. As Thomas Jefferson wrote at the time, a nation dealing with the politically implacable issue of slavery essentially held the "wolf" by the ears―and could neither let go nor hang on forever.
In Wolf by the Ears, John R. Van Atta discusses how the sectional conflict that led to the Civil War surfaced in the divisive fight over Missouri statehood. The first organized Louisiana Purchase territory to lie completely west of the Mississippi River and northwest of the Ohio, Missouri carried special significance for both pro- and anti-slavery advocates. Northern congressmen leaped out of their seats to object to the proposed expansion of the slave "empire," while slave-state politicians voiced outrage at the northerners’ blatant sectional attack. Although the Missouri confrontation ultimately appeared to end amicably with a famous compromise that the wily Kentuckian Henry Clay helped to cobble together, the passions it unleashed proved vicious, widespread, and long lasting.
Van Atta deftly explains how the Missouri crisis revealed the power that slavery had already gained over American nation building. He explores the external social, cultural, and economic forces that gave the confrontation such urgency around the country, as well as the beliefs, assumptions, and fears that characterized both sides of the slavery argument. Wolf by the Ears provides students in American history with an ideal introduction to the Missouri crisis while at the same time offering fresh insights for scholars of the early republic.
Wolf by the Ears: The Missouri Crisis, 1819-1821 (Witness to History), by John R. Van Atta- Amazon Sales Rank: #1317291 in Books
- Published on: 2015-03-16
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .53" w x 6.00" l, .52 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 216 pages
Review
Students and specialists have long needed a study of the Missouri Compromise that would take advantage of recent scholarship and lift the subject beyond the fine-grained detail of political and legislative negotiation. In Wolf by the Ears, Van Atta does both and more, analyzing the Missouri question in ways that put the entire issue into the broadest possible context. His wider lens not only produces a refreshing contribution to the history of the Early Republic but to the entire antebellum era. An excellent book.
(Harry L. Watson, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, author of Liberty and Power: The Politics of Jacksonian America)Van Atta produces an incredibly readable and engaging work perfect for classroom use or as a refresher for those historians who need a compact summation of the latest scholarship surrounding this important historical moment in the early nation.
(James J. Gigantino II Missouri Historical Review)In this engaging work, Van Atta... provides an in-depth analysis of the 1820 Missouri Compromise, a seminal event on the road to the Civil War...
(Choice)Wolf by the Ears should be valued by scholars seeking a quick overview of antebellum American political history. More than just short, yet comprehensive, Van Atta’s account is comprehensible, which should make it especially valuable to students, who should welcome its inclusion on course syllabi.
(Middle West Review)About the Author
John R. Van Atta teaches history and constitutional law at the Brunswick School in Greenwich, Connecticut. He is the author of Securing the West: Politics, Public Lands, and the Fate of the Old Republic, 1785–1850.
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Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful. Great addition to the scholarship of the Missouri Compromise By A. Caporaso Well written and informative (minus one historical fact error regarding presidential order!). Van Atta places the Missouri Compromise into a broader socio-political context than historians have previously. It sets the stage for the debate in Washington, the north, the south, and the west and spends considerable time discussing how the compromise affected social and political behavior ending, in Van Atta's opinion, inevitably to the Civil War. The only criticisms that I have is that the reader needs to know a fair amount of American History to understand what is going on, and that so many persons are introduced, it can at times be difficult to keep them straight. Diagrams of political affiliations would have been helpful.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful. Informative and readable By History Prof Geared toward students and non-specialists, this is a solid introduction to the Missouri Compromise, to the sectional crisis more generally, and to how the West fit into nineteenth-century Americans' competing visions for the nation. It is an engaging narrative that makes for an enjoyable read.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. A Useful Introduction By S. Smith The makers of the US Constitution thought slavery was in decline, so accepted several compromises that protected it. However, cotton growing boomed in the early 19th century, expanding into new southern slave-states and reinvigorating slavery. No longer hoping for its extinction, many northerners now feared its expansion would create a pro-slavery Congressional majority, while southerners wanted protection for this cornerstone of their economy. This is the background to a largely narrative account by John van Atta of the Missouri Crisis and the Compromise that resolved it. He argues that these were a major turning point in US history because the attempt to resolve the political, economic, and social issues affecting the West as well as North and South ended certain political certainties that had existed since the early republic.Previously, the Missouri Crisis was thought to concern only a small elite of national politicians, but van Atta shows it reflected widespread popular concerns. He starts by setting out both the complex background to the political debate and the grievances of ordinary people in all three sections of the United States, particularly in Missouri. He also examines the personalities of several political leaders, as these mattered in the small political elite. He concentrates first on northerners opposed to slavery in Missouri and pro-slavery southerners, who jointly caused the Crisis, then on Henry Clay, the main architect of the Compromise. This was only a short-term solution, but van Atta accepts that Clay other compromisers acted in good faith to avoid a sectional clash. Despite these good points, the book has two weaknesses.Although van Atta gives a clear account of the origins and development of the Crisis and Compromise, he is less sure on later events up to 1854, when it was superceded by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He shows how the Compromise was regarded in North and South in this period but gives too little analysis of growing divisions in this period to add much to the earlier account.The second weakness is the writing style, with many clichés and italicising in case readers misses his point, suggesting dumbing-down. It is also unclear for much of the book what he thinks the Crisis was about. At the start, he suggests that many Americans thought that slavery dominated the concept of nation-building. Although he mentions this theme several times, it is only at the very end he mentions the competing concepts of a grouping of sovereign states or the more modern one of a centralised nation.Van Atta has produced a broad description of the events of 1819 to 1821 and their background based on recent scholarship, emphasising social and economic developments and local events rather than national politics. Despite weaknesses, it is a good single-volume introduction to the Missouri Crisis and Compromise.
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